Temporal trends in mortality and loss to follow-up among children enrolled in côte d’ivoire’s national antiretroviral therapy program
Background: During 2004-2008, >2000 children (<15 years old) initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Côte d'Ivoire. Nationally representative outcomes, temporal trends in outcomes during 2004-2008 and site-level outcome determinants have not been investigated.
Tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Côte d’Ivoire
SETTING: In Côte d’Ivoire, more than 2000 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children aged <15 years were started on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during 2004-2008.
A battery of tests for assessing cognitive function in U.S. Chinese older adults-findings from the PINE study
Background. Existing methodological challenges in aging research has dampened our assessment of cognitive function among minority older adults. We aim to report the composite scores of five cognitive function tests among U.S. Chinese older adults, and examine the association between cognitive function and key sociodemographic characteristics.
Anxiety among community-dwelling U.S. Chinese older adults
Background. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorders and any anxiety symptoms among community-dwelling U.S. Chinese older adults.
Reasons for unmet need for child and family health services among children with special health care needs with and without medical homes
Objectives: Medical homes, an important component of U.S. health reform, were first developed to help families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) find and coordinate services, and reduce their children’s unmet need for health services.
Strategies for postmarketing surveillance of drugs and devices in patients with ESRD undergoing dialysis
The lack of evidence on the effectiveness and safety of interventions in chronic dialysis patients has been a subject of continuing criticism. Newtechnologies are often introduced into themarketwithout having specifically studied or even included patients with advanced kidney disease.
Treatment considerations for HIV-infected individuals with severe mental illness
There has been a general recognition of a syndemic that includes HIV/AIDS and serve mental illnesses including schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and others.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty among medicare beneficiaries, 2000 to 2009
Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is a less-invasive alternative to total knee arthroplasty for patients with arthritis affecting only the medial or lateral compartment. However, little is known about recent trends in the use of these procedures and the associated outcomes among older patients.
Using registries to identify adverse events in rheumatic diseases
The proven effectiveness of biologics and other immunomodulatory products in inflammatory rheumatic diseases has resulted in their widespread use as well as reports of potential short- And longterm complications such as infection and malignancy.
Neighborhood perceptions and active school commuting in low-income cities
Background: Few children accumulate the recommended ≥60 minutes of physical activity each day. Active travel to and from school (ATS) is a potential source of increased activity for children, accounting for 22% of total trips and time spent traveling by school-aged children.
Variations in postoperative complications according to race, ethnicity, and sex in older adults
Objectives To explore differences in the incidence of postoperative complications between three racial and ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic) before and after taking into account potentially confounding patient and hospital characteristics.
Antidepressant use and risk for preeclampsia
BACKGROUND: Prior studies suggest that women who use antidepressants during pregnancy have an increased risk for preeclampsia, yet the comparative safety of specific antidepressants remains unclear. US nationwide Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data have not been used to study medication safety during pregnancy.
A closer examination of the relationship between children’s weight status and the food and physical activity environment
Objectives: Conflicting findings on associations between food and physical activity (PA) environments and children’s weight status demand attention in order to inform effective interventions. We assess relationships between the food and PA environments in inner-city neighborhoods and children’s weight status and address sources of conflicting results of prior research.
Use of antidepressants near delivery and risk of postpartum hemorrhage: Cohort study of low income women in the United States
Objective: To determine whether use of serotonin or non-serotonin reuptake inhibitors near to delivery is associated with postpartum hemorrhage. Design: Cohort study. Setting: 2000-07 nationwide Medicaid data (Medicaid Analytic eXtract). Population 106 000 pregnant women aged 12-55 with a diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorder.
Opioid use for noncancer pain and risk of fracture in adults: A nested case-control study using the general practice research database
Opioid use has been reported to be associated with increased fracture risks. In a nested case-control study using the United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database, we tested the hypotheses that fracture risk was associated with 1) an elevated risk of falls caused by the acute central nervous system effects of opioids including sedation and dizziness, and 2) osteoporosis caused by chronic opioid-induced hypogonadism.
Impact of immortal person-time and time scale in comparative effectiveness research for medical devices: A case for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
Objectives: To assess the extent of immortal time bias in estimating the clinical effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and the impact of methods of handling immortal time bias.
Persistently elevated serum interleukin-6 predicts mortality among adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in Botswana: Results from a clinical trial
Elevated serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with increased mortality and morbidity among HIV-infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in European and U.S. cohorts. Few similar data are available from sub-Saharan Africa, where most cART-treated adults reside and the prevalence of advanced immunosuppression and opportunistic infections (OIs) at cART initiation is higher.
Harnessing the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) to Evaluate Medications in Pregnancy: Design Considerations
Background:In the absence of clinical trial data, large post-marketing observational studies are essential to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medications during pregnancy. We identified a cohort of pregnancies ending in live birth within the 2000-2007 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX). Herein, we provide a blueprint to guide investigators who wish to create similar cohorts from healthcare utilization data and we describe the limitations in detail.
Appropriateness of cardiovascular care in elderly adult cancer survivors
Research suggests that the quality of non-cancer-related care among cancer survivors (CS) is suboptimal. Secondary disease prevention is an important component of survivorship care that has not been previously evaluated. Our aims were (1) to assess the utilization of and adherence to medications and treatments for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) in CS versus non-cancer patients (NCP) and (2) to compare temporal trends in cardiovascular care between these two patient cohorts.
Claims-Based Definition of Death in Japanese Claims Database: Validity and Implications
Background: For the pending National Claims Database in Japan, researchers will not have access to death information in the enrollment files. We developed and evaluated a claims-based definition of death.